One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) Signed Into Law

Jul 10, 2025

On July 4, President Trump signed into law H.R.1, widely recognized as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). This comprehensive legislation introduces significant budgetary measures addressing border security, defense, energy policy, and federal spending reductions. Most notably, OBBBA represents one of the most consequential federal tax reforms since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), with far-reaching implications for both individuals and businesses.

The most prominent provisions are outlined below. For a more comprehensive overview of how these changes may impact your specific situation, we encourage you to connect with your William Vaughan Company advisor.

Key Provisions for Businesses

• Research and Experimentation (R&D) Deductions: OBBBA establishes new IRC Section 174A, enabling immediate deductibility of domestic R&D expenses incurred after December 31, 2024, replacing the prior five-year amortization rule, and enhancing tax benefits for U.S.-based innovation. Companies with capitalized domestic R&D expenses between 2022 and 2024 can elect to accelerate those deductions. Eligible small businesses, generally those with average annual gross receipts not exceeding $31 million, can elect to retroactively apply the full expensing of domestic R&D expenses to tax years beginning after December 31, 2021, by amending their returns for 2022, 2023, and 2024 to claim refunds for taxes paid because of amortization. Other taxpayers with capitalized domestic R&D expenses between 2022 and 2024 can choose to accelerate deductions of the remaining unamortized amount over a one or two-year period, starting with the 2025 tax year. Foreign R&D expenditures remain subject to 15-year amortization.
• Bonus Depreciation: Restores 100% bonus depreciation, allowing businesses to immediately expense qualifying assets placed in service after January 19, 2025, thereby eliminating the previously scheduled phase-down.
• Qualified Production Property (QPP): Manufacturers can claim a 100% deduction for the cost of new “qualified production property,” including nonresidential real property, defined as property used in a “qualified production activity” (the manufacturing, production, or refining of a qualified product that results in a substantial transformation of the property). This change applies to qualified property placed in service after the date of enactment and before January 1, 2031.
• Business Interest: Restores the more favorable EBITDA-based calculation for the business interest deduction limitation under Section 163(j) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024. This reverts to the approach used from 2018 through 2021, which generally allowed larger deductions. It also provides specific rules regarding the interaction of the business interest expense limitation with other tax provisions that capitalize interest.
• Pass-through Businesses: Makes permanent the Section 199A qualified business income deduction, with no change to the current 20% deduction percentage. Additionally, the bill expands the limitation phase-in window from $50,000 for single filers ($100,000 for married filing jointly) to $75,000 for single filers ($150,000 for married filing jointly).
• Pass-through Entity Tax (PTET) Elections: Electing pass-through entities (PTEs) can continue to deduct state income taxes paid at the entity level, effectively allowing business owners to bypass the limitation on individual SALT deductions.
• Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit: The advanced manufacturing investment credit rate increases from 25% to 35% for property placed in service after December 31, 2025.
• Federal Tax Exclusion for Capital Gains from Qualified Small Business Stock (QSBS): Updates Section 1202 of the Internal Revenue Code by raising gain exclusion caps from $10 million to $15 million and allowing investors to access tax benefits after a shorter holding period (as little as three years in some cases). The asset limit is also increased from $50 million to $75 million, making it easier for larger start-ups to qualify.
• Employee Retention Tax Credit: Retroactively bars the IRS from issuing refunds for Employee Retention Tax Credit (ERTC) claims for Q3 2021 (and in some cases Q4 2021) filed after January 31, 2024. The bill also requires ERTC promoters to comply with due diligence requirements regarding a taxpayer’s eligibility and the amount of an ERTC for affected quarters. In addition, OBBBA includes a $1,000 penalty for each failure to comply and extends the penalty for excessive refund claims to employment tax refund claims.

Key Provisions for Individuals

• Tax Rates: Permanently extends most of the individual income tax rate structures established by the TCJA of 2017.
• Standard Deduction: Makes the TCJA’s increased standard deduction amounts permanent. For tax years beginning after 2024, the standard deduction increases to $15,750 for single filers, $23,625 for heads of household, and $31,500 for married individuals filing jointly. The standard deduction will be adjusted for inflation thereafter. These changes are retroactive to include 2025.
• SALT Cap: The $10,000 cap on state and local tax deductions is raised to $40,000 for most taxpayers. However, the benefit phases out for households with adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeding $500,000, tapering to restore the lower cap for high earners. Both the SALT cap and the income threshold for the phase-out will increase by 1% each year from 2026 through 2029. The $40,000 limit is not permanent; it is scheduled to revert to $10,000 starting in 2030.
• Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT): The higher AMT exemptions under the TCJA are made permanent, reducing the likelihood of AMT applying for many taxpayers. The exemption phase-out threshold is set at 2018 levels under the TCJA ($500,000 for singles and $1 million for joint filers), indexed for inflation. The exemption also phases out more quickly for higher earners.
• Excess Business Loss (EBL) Limitations: Makes permanent the current limitations on business losses allowed to offset non-business income, with losses exceeding the limit treated as net operating losses (NOLs) and carried forward to future years.
• New Deduction for Seniors: OBBBA provides a temporary bonus deduction of $6,000 for individuals age 65 or older (and for each spouse meeting the criteria in the case of a joint return) for taxable years 2025 through 2028. The deduction phases out for joint filers with income starting at $150,000 and $75,000 for all other taxpayers.
• Charitable Contributions: Creates a permanent deduction for taxpayers who do not itemize. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2025, non-itemizing taxpayers can claim a deduction of up to $1,000 (single filer) or $2,000 (married filing jointly) for certain charitable contributions.
• Child Tax Credit: Extends and enhances provisions related to the Child Tax Credit (CTC), including increasing the nonrefundable portion of the credit to $2,200 per child. The refundable Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC) remains at $1,700 for 2025 and will be adjusted annually for inflation. The nonrefundable portion of the CTC will also be indexed for inflation beginning in 2026. Taxpayers must have a valid Social Security number for themselves (or one spouse if married filing jointly) and the qualifying child.
• Tips & Overtime Pay Deductions: Establishes new above-the-line deductions for the 2025–2028 tax years, allowing taxpayers to deduct up to $25,000 per individual in tip income and up to $12,500 per individual (or $25,000 for joint filers) in overtime compensation. These deductions are subject to phase-out at specified AGI thresholds.
• Individual Trust Accounts (Trump Accounts): Introduces a new category of tax-advantaged accounts specifically designed to support children under age 18. These accounts can be utilized for qualified expenses such as education, small business investments, and first-time home purchases. Annual contributions are capped at $5,000 per account, with a one-time, government-funded deposit of $1,000 for eligible children born between December 31, 2024, and January 1, 2029. Employers are also permitted to make tax-free annual contributions to these accounts.

Other Notable Provisions

• Estate Planning: Increases the estate, gift, and generation-skipping tax exemption amounts to $15 million for estates of decedents dying and gifts made after December 31, 2025, and makes them permanent. This is compared to the TCJA’s temporary $10 million exemption (adjusted for inflation to $13.99 million in 2025).

Next Steps
The impact of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act is substantial, introducing changes that warrant continuous review and proactive planning. We strongly recommend that you engage with your William Vaughan Company advisor to assess how these legislative developments may affect your tax liabilities, cash flow, and overall business or personal wealth strategies. Our team is here to help you navigate these complexities and identify opportunities aligned with your objectives.

Categories: Tax Planning

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Congress Announces Bipartisan Tax Agreement In The Works

Jan 22, 2024

Last week, the chairs of the congressional tax committee unveiled a significant $78 billion bipartisan tax agreement poised to enhance the Child Tax Credit and offer substantial support to businesses. Named the “Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024,” this pivotal legislation awaits the green light from both houses of Congress to be enacted into law. As the 2023 tax filing season commences on January 29, this introduces a narrow window for the bill’s approval and implementation.

Here are some of the key proposed provisions:

• Expanded Child Tax Credit – The deal outlines enhancements to the child tax credit in an attempt to provide relief to families that are struggling financially and those with multiple children. It would also lift the tax credit’s $1,600 refundable cap and adjust it for inflation by $200 per child to $1,800 for 2023, $1,900 for 2024, and $2,000 for 2025.
• Section 174 – The proposed law would postpone the requirement to capitalize and spread out the cost of domestic research and experimental expenses over multiple years. This change would apply to tax years starting from January 1, 2022, but the new rules wouldn’t take effect until tax years that begin after December 31, 2025. However, for research and experimental costs incurred outside of the U.S., these costs would still need to be spread out over a 15-year period.
• Section 163(j) – Under this draft bill, business deductions would be restored a less restrictive limitation for net interest expense, returning to a 30 percent limit based on EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) rather than EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes).
• Bonus Depreciation – The bill would temporarily restore 100 percent bonus depreciation for property placed in service between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2025. It also would allow 20% bonus depreciation for property placed in service after December 31, 2025, and before January 1, 2027. For property placed in service after January 1, 2027, no bonus depreciation would be allowed.
• Employee Retention Tax Credit (ERC) – Under this deal, businesses would no longer be able to claim the popular ERC credit as of January 31, 2024. In addition, it would also extend the statute of limitations for ERC claims to six years from the date the claim was filed. Finally, it includes more stringent penalties for ERC promoters.

Please keep in mind that this bipartisan tax agreement is still in the proposal stage and must pass through the legislative process to become a law. As always, we will continue to monitor the status of this proposed bipartisan agreement, and keep you apprised of any developments. Please reach out to your tax advisor to discuss how this may impact your tax situation.

Categories: Tax Planning

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Ohio House Bill 33 Explained

Jul 17, 2023

Ohioans can expect significant changes to state tax laws next year thanks to Ohio House Bill 33. The newly passed piece of legislature, signed by Governor Mike DeWine on July 3, 2023, establishes state operating appropriations for fiscal years 2024-2025. This comprehensive legislation also brings several tax advantages specifically designed to benefit Ohio business owners. Taxpayers can expect changes to personal income tax, Commercial Activity Tax, Pass-Through Entity Tax Credits, and Municipal tax.

Personal Income Tax Reductions

The first significant change introduced by House Bill 33 is a reduction in personal income tax rates. The new law establishes two tax brackets based on income levels. If you earn over $26,050, you’ll pay a marginal tax rate of 2.75%. For individuals with income over $100,000, the rate increases slightly to 3.5%. Those earning $26,050 or less will be exempt from paying any income taxes to the state of Ohio.

Commercial Activity Tax (CAT) Exemption

House Bill 33 also brings changes to the Commercial Activity Tax (CAT), affecting businesses in Ohio. CAT is determined based off a business’s taxable gross receipts. The new law significantly increases the annual exemption threshold for businesses. Previously, businesses with taxable gross receipts under $150,000 were exempt from paying CAT. However, under the new law, the exemption amount rises to $3 million for the 2024 tax year and further increases to $6 million starting in 2025. This means that a large amount of Ohio-based businesses will no longer have to pay CAT.

Categories: Tax Compliance, Tax Planning

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End of July Brings Filing Deadline for Employee Tax Retention Credit (ERTC).

Jun 15, 2023

Don’t leave money on the table!

The Employee Retention Tax Credit (ERTC) is a provision established under the CARES Act which has been enhanced by additional legislation and could provide an immense amount of capital to employers. However, time is running out for business owners to claim what could amount to thousands of dollars in tax refunds.

The ERTC is a refundable tax credit employers can claim against certain quarterly employment taxes, equal to a percentage of qualified wages and health insurance costs paid after March 12, 2020, and before September 30, 2021. For 2020, the credit is 50% of qualified payments, up to $10,000 per employee. Simply put, an eligible business has the potential to request refunds of up to $5,000 per employee for 2020. The benefits are even greater in 2021.

But that means in order to claim the credit for those last three quarters of 2020, business owners need to act now. Tax payers have up to three years to amend their quarterly returns. By amending a return, business owners may unlock substantial benefits to support their business’s growth.

Business Eligibility
For most businesses, eligibility for ERTC for fiscal year 2020 is determined by meeting one of two tests:

• Test 1: A measure of decline in gross receipts. If an employer experiences a significant decline in gross receipts for any calendar quarter, as compared to the same calendar quarter in 2019, they will be eligible for the credit in that quarter. For 2020, this decline is defined as gross receipts that are less than 50% of gross receipts for the same quarter in 2019, and for 2021, this decline is gross receipts being less than 80% of gross receipts for the same quarter in 2019.
  
• Test 2: A full or partial suspension of operations. If an employer was subject to any full or partial suspension of operations because of government orders related to COVID-19 they could be eligible. These orders could be Federal, State, county, and/or municipality. Even if the business was deemed essential and was not directly affected by such orders, there still could be avenues to be eligible for the credit.

Filing Deadline

Despite the expiration of the tax credit in September 2021, eligible businesses, companies, and employers have the opportunity to submit documentation and retrospectively obtain reimbursements for the Employee Retention Credit in 2023. In order to accomplish this, business owners are required to complete IRS Form 941-X, which serves as a means to rectify any errors in their initially submitted Form 941. However, it is important to note that this process is only applicable within a three-year timeframe from the original filing of their payroll tax returns.

With the number of ERTC scams on the rise, WVC always recommends that businesses consult with their trusted tax professional to ensure eligibility, understand the specific requirements, and navigate the amendment process successfully. Connect with William Vaughan Company’s ERTC team today to see if your business meets the eligibility requirements – by acting now, you just may position your businesses for a brighter financial future.

Connect With Us.
Mike Hanf, CPA, CGMA
Tax Partner, ERTC Practice Leader

wvco.com

Categories: Other Resources, Tax Planning

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Claiming Casualty & Theft Losses on Return

Mar 12, 2023

Natural disasters, thefts, and other unexpected events can cause significant financial losses for individuals and businesses. Fortunately, the IRS has provided some relief through tax deductions for designated damages. However, there are specific criteria that must be met in order to claim these deductions along with specifications for reporting them on your return. Here are some of the most common questions and answers to claiming casualty & theft losses on your return.

How do I know if my loss qualifies?
You can only deduct casualty and theft losses if they’re directly the result of an event that’s a federally declared disaster. Meaning, the President of the United States has officially declared the event a disaster. Federal disasters are often declared for areas heavily impacted by hurricanes, tornadoes, or floods. To view all federally declared disasters and related information, visit the IRS website.

There are 3 types of deductible losses allowed under the umbrella of federally declared disasters:

1. Federal casualty loss: The loss of personal use property due to a federally declared disaster. The loss must have occurred in the state receiving the disaster declaration.

2. Disaster loss: The loss of personal use or business property resulting from a federally declared disaster that occurred in a county eligible for public or individual assistance, or both.

3. Qualified disaster loss: The loss of personal use property due to a disaster declared under Section 401 of the Stafford Act, or several specific natural disasters or time periods.

Do theft losses qualify for deductions?
The IRS defines theft as the act of taking or removing property with the intention of depriving the owner of it. The act must also be illegal under state law. But as with the case of a casualty claim, the theft must have occurred due to a presidential disaster area declaration. For example, your city is struck by a tornado and the President declares it a disaster area. Subsequently, a thief accesses your home through a window broken by the storm and steals your car. One could argue the loss of the car was from theft due to a disaster.

Can I deduct a loss covered by insurance?
No, you cannot deduct casualty and theft losses covered by insurance, unless you file a timely claim for reimbursement and you reduce the loss by the amount of any reimbursement or expected reimbursement. For more information, please review IRS Publication 547.

How do I calculate my loss?
Personal casualty and theft losses attributable to a federally declared disaster are subject to the $100 per casualty and 10% of your adjusted gross income (AGI) limitations unless they are attributable to a qualified disaster loss. Personal casualty and theft losses attributable to a qualified disaster loss are not subject to the 10% of the AGI limit and the $100 limit is increased to $500. An exception to the rule above, limiting the personal casualty and theft loss deduction to losses attributable to a federally declared disaster, applies if you have personal casualty gains for the tax year.

What form do I use to claim this deduction?
Casualty and theft losses are first reported and calculated on Form 4684. You will then report them on Form 1040, Schedule A.

Can I itemize this deduction?
For tax years 2018 through 2025, you can no longer claim casualty and theft losses on personal property as itemized deductions, unless your claim is caused by a federally declared disaster.

For tax years 2018 through 2025, personal casualty and theft losses may be deductible when: they are attributable to a federal disaster. For tax years beginning before 2018 and after 2025 personal casualty and theft losses may be deductible even if they are not attributable to a federal disaster.

In conclusion, claiming casualty and theft losses on your tax return can provide some relief for individuals and businesses that have suffered unexpected financial losses. It’s important to remember that only losses directly resulting from federally declared disasters are eligible for deduction. As with any tax-related issue, it’s always best to consult with your WVC tax professional to ensure that you are following the appropriate guidelines and maximizing your deductions.

Connect With Us.

wvco.com

Categories: Tax Planning

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